Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women develop fibroids during their reproductive years. Although these growths are common, they are usually not dangerous. However, they can cause discomfort or other health issues. According to the CDC, up to 80% of women may have fibroids by age 50. Because fibroids are part of women’s health, it is important to know their symptoms and treatment options.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some women with uterine fibroids have no symptoms. Others may notice changes in their bodies. For example, symptoms can depend on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Below are common signs to watch for:

Heavy or long periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent need to urinate

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Swelling in the lower abdomen

However, not all women experience every symptom. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact causes of uterine fibroids. Still, several factors may increase your risk. Understanding these can help you make informed choices about your health. Here are some possible causes and risk factors:

Family history of fibroids

Being overweight or obese

Early start of periods

High levels of estrogen and progesterone

Age (most common in women in their 30s and 40s)

Eating a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables

Being of African descent (higher risk)

Although you cannot control some risk factors, healthy lifestyle choices may help lower your risk.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

If you have symptoms of uterine fibroids, your doctor will ask about your health history. Next, a physical exam may be done to check for an enlarged uterus. In addition, doctors often use imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests include:

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus

MRI: Gives detailed images of fibroids and their location

Hysteroscopy: A thin tube is inserted into the uterus to look inside

Blood tests: Check for anemia caused by heavy bleeding

Early diagnosis can help you manage symptoms and choose the best treatment.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women do not need treatment if they have mild or no symptoms. However, if fibroids cause problems, several options are available:

Medications: Help control pain or heavy bleeding

Hormone therapy: Shrinks fibroids or stops their growth

Non-invasive procedures: Use ultrasound waves to destroy fibroids

Minimally invasive surgery: Removes fibroids through small cuts

Traditional surgery: Removes large fibroids or the uterus (hysterectomy)

Your doctor will help you choose the best treatment based on your needs. For example, some treatments may not be right if you want to have children in the future.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. Here are some tips to support your well-being:

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Limit red meat and processed foods

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Additionally, regular check-ups with your gynecologist can help catch problems early.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to see a doctor if you notice any unusual symptoms. For instance, seek medical advice if you have:

Heavy or painful periods

Bleeding between periods

Severe pelvic pain

Trouble getting pregnant

Early care can help you avoid complications and improve your quality of life. If you live in a city with access to women’s health clinics, you may find help nearby.

In summary, uterine fibroids are common but manageable. Consult a gynecologist for personalized advice on uterine fibroids.